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In this episode, Peter takes a deep dive into prostate cancer screening, explaining why advanced and metastatic diagnoses continue to rise despite the availability of screening tools, and what can be done to reverse this trend. He breaks down what PSA actually measures and why it is far more informative when tracked over time rather than interpreted as a single value, and he explores how tools like MRI, PSA density, PSA velocity, and improved biopsy techniques can both reduce unnecessary procedures and improve the detection of aggressive cancers. Peter also discusses the role of active surveillance in avoiding overtreatment for low-risk cases, examines the flawed evidence that has historically been used to argue against PSA screening, and highlights how medications like finasteride can suppress PSA levels and potentially mask warning signs if not properly accounted for. Ultimately, he makes a compelling case for the importance of regular PSA testing as a key strategy in the effort to eliminate prostate cancer mortality.

We discuss:

• The failure of current prostate cancer screening guidelines, and the rise in advanced disease despite available tools [2:30];

• PSA screening fundamentals: benefits, harms, and the guideline shift driven by overdiagnosis concerns [5:30];

• The impact of reduced PSA screening: rising rates of late-stage prostate cancer and worsening population-level outcomes [12:00];

• How modern screening practices use PSA trends, MRI, and new imaging advances to improve accuracy and reduce unnecessary procedures [15:00];

• Advances in prostate biopsy: transperineal approach improves safety and cancer detection [23:00];

• Reducing overtreatment: Gleason scoring and active surveillance in modern prostate cancer care [25:30];

• Reevaluating PSA screening guidelines: how flaws in the PLCO trial undermine the evidence used to argue against PSA screening [29:45];

• Prostate cancer screening today: improved tools, flawed guidelines, and preventable mortality [33:45];

• How finasteride and similar drugs suppress PSA levels and can lead to missed or delayed prostate cance