How the Brain Works, Curing Blindness & How to Navigate a Career Path | Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky

Andrew Huberman

Mar 18, 2024

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky, Ph.D., a professor of neurosurgery and ophthalmology at Stanford University. He studies how we see and uses that information to build artificial eyes that restore vision to the blind.

We discuss how understanding the retina (the light-sensing brain tissue that lines the back of our eyes) is critical to knowing how our brain works more generally.

We discuss brain augmentation with biologically informed prostheses, robotics, and AI and what this means for medicine and humanity.

We also discuss E.J.’s unique journey into neuroscience and how changing fields multiple times, combined with some wandering, taught him how to guide his decision-making in all realms of life.

This episode ought to be of interest to anyone interested in learning how the brain works from a world-class neuroscientist, those interested in the future of brain therapeutics and people seeking inspiration and tools for navigating their own professional and life journey.

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman
ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman
BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman

Social & Website
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman
Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com
Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky
Academic profile: https://stanford.io/3TdtdIg
Publications: https://stanford.io/4adV0iM
Lab website: https://stan.md/49UpMNL
Chichilnisky Lab Make a Gift: https://stan.md/4cmqSns
Lab media: https://stan.md/4cgmIgH
Stanford Artificial Retina Project: https://stan.md/3IGydAl
Stanford Artificial Retina Project Make a Gift: https://stan.md/3ThSt0h
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/e-j-chichilnisky-97857429
X: https://twitter.com/StanfordRetina

Article & Other Resources
Donor Network West: https://www.donornetworkwest.org
NeuraLink: https://neuralink.com
National Eye Institute: https://www.nei.nih.gov

Huberman Lab Episodes Mentioned
Dr. Erich Jarvis: The Neuroscience of Speech, Language & Music: https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/dr-erich-jarvis-the-neuroscience-of-speech-language-and-music

People Mentioned
Krishna Shenoy: professor of engineering, Stanford: https://stanford.io/49Z9Rhw
Jaimie Henderson: professor of neurosurgery, Stanford: https://stanford.io/48Yl2Wb
Eddie Chang: professor of neurosurgery, UCSF: https://bit.ly/3SLsjmd
Eric Knudsen: professor of neurobiology, Stanford: https://stanford.io/48XgZcW
Robert G. Heath: psychiatrist, early brain stimulation research: https://bit.ly/3TAIaFP
Brian Wandell: professor of psychology, Stanford: https://stan.md/3TEgVtW
Markus Meister: professor of biology, Caltech: https://bit.ly/3x5iE2y

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky
00:02:31 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, ROKA & BetterHelp
00:06:06 Vision & Brain; Retina
00:11:23 Retina & Visual Processing
00:18:37 Vision in Humans & Other Animals, Color
00:23:01 Studying the Human Retina
00:29:48 Sponsor: AG1
00:31:16 Cell Types
00:36:00 Determining Cell Function in Retina
00:43:39 Retinal Cell Types & Stimuli
00:49:27 Retinal Prostheses, Implants
01:00:25 Artificial Retina, Augmenting Vision
01:06:05 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:07:12 Neuroengineering, Neuroaugmentation & Specificity
01:17:01 Building a Smart Device, AI
01:20:02 Neural Prosthesis, Paralysis; Specificity
01:25:21 Neurodegeneration; Adult Neuroplasticity; Implant Specificity
01:34:00 Career Journey, Music & Dance, Neuroscience
01:42:55 Self-Understanding, Coffee; Self-Love, Meditation & Yoga
01:47:50 Body Signals & Decisions; Beauty
01:57:49 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #Neuroscience #EyeHealth

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky, Ph.D., a professor of neurosurgery and ophthalmology at Stanford University. He studies how we see and uses that information to build artificial eyes that restore vision to the blind.

We discuss how understanding the retina (the light-sensing brain tissue that lines the back of our eyes) is critical to knowing how our brain works more generally.

We discuss brain augmentation with biologically informed prostheses, robotics, and AI and what this means for medicine and humanity.

We also discuss E.J.’s unique journey into neuroscience and how changing fields multiple times, combined with some wandering, taught him how to guide his decision-making in all realms of life.

This episode ought to be of interest to anyone interested in learning how the brain works from a world-class neuroscientist, those interested in the future of brain therapeutics and people seeking inspiration and tools for navigating their own professional and life journey.

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman
ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman
BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman

Social & Website
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman
Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com
Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky
Academic profile: https://stanford.io/3TdtdIg
Publications: https://stanford.io/4adV0iM
Lab website: https://stan.md/49UpMNL
Chichilnisky Lab Make a Gift: https://stan.md/4cmqSns
Lab media: https://stan.md/4cgmIgH
Stanford Artificial Retina Project: https://stan.md/3IGydAl
Stanford Artificial Retina Project Make a Gift: https://stan.md/3ThSt0h
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/e-j-chichilnisky-97857429
X: https://twitter.com/StanfordRetina

Article & Other Resources
Donor Network West: https://www.donornetworkwest.org
NeuraLink: https://neuralink.com
National Eye Institute: https://www.nei.nih.gov

Huberman Lab Episodes Mentioned
Dr. Erich Jarvis: The Neuroscience of Speech, Language & Music: https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/dr-erich-jarvis-the-neuroscience-of-speech-language-and-music

People Mentioned
Krishna Shenoy: professor of engineering, Stanford: https://stanford.io/49Z9Rhw
Jaimie Henderson: professor of neurosurgery, Stanford: https://stanford.io/48Yl2Wb
Eddie Chang: professor of neurosurgery, UCSF: https://bit.ly/3SLsjmd
Eric Knudsen: professor of neurobiology, Stanford: https://stanford.io/48XgZcW
Robert G. Heath: psychiatrist, early brain stimulation research: https://bit.ly/3TAIaFP
Brian Wandell: professor of psychology, Stanford: https://stan.md/3TEgVtW
Markus Meister: professor of biology, Caltech: https://bit.ly/3x5iE2y

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. E.J. Chichilnisky
00:02:31 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, ROKA & BetterHelp
00:06:06 Vision & Brain; Retina
00:11:23 Retina & Visual Processing
00:18:37 Vision in Humans & Other Animals, Color
00:23:01 Studying the Human Retina
00:29:48 Sponsor: AG1
00:31:16 Cell Types
00:36:00 Determining Cell Function in Retina
00:43:39 Retinal Cell Types & Stimuli
00:49:27 Retinal Prostheses, Implants
01:00:25 Artificial Retina, Augmenting Vision
01:06:05 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:07:12 Neuroengineering, Neuroaugmentation & Specificity
01:17:01 Building a Smart Device, AI
01:20:02 Neural Prosthesis, Paralysis; Specificity
01:25:21 Neurodegeneration; Adult Neuroplasticity; Implant Specificity
01:34:00 Career Journey, Music & Dance, Neuroscience
01:42:55 Self-Understanding, Coffee; Self-Love, Meditation & Yoga
01:47:50 Body Signals & Decisions; Beauty
01:57:49 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #Neuroscience #EyeHealth

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Mindsip insights from this episode:

Utilize retinal imaging to assess brain health and diagnose Alzheimer's

Because the retina is a piece of the brain, imaging it can provide a direct window into the health of the rest of your brain, potentially helping diagnose diseases like Alzheimer's.

Update bionic eyes with modern retinal science

Existing retinal implants designed to restore vision are based on science from before 1968 and fail to incorporate the modern understanding of the retina's complex cell types.

Investigate newly discovered retinal cell types and their mysteries

Researchers have recently discovered about 15 new types of retinal cells with strange, spidery-shaped sensitive areas whose functions are still a deep mystery.

Embrace augmentation as a natural outcome of sensory restoration

As we build devices to restore senses, augmenting them beyond normal human ability is an almost unavoidable consequence, such as cameras that are naturally sensitive to infrared light.

Follow ease to discover your true path

A key indicator that you are on the right personal or professional path is a feeling of 'ease,' a whole-body sensation that what you are doing is correct.

Develop smart neural implants that learn your brain's language

The next generation of neural implants will be 'smart' devices that first record and learn the specific language of your neural circuits before they begin stimulating them.

Understand color perception through three primary wavelengths

Despite our rich experience of color, our eyes only capture three 'snapshots' of wavelength information, which is why a TV can recreate our entire visual world with just red, green, and blue pixels.

Understand your brain processes 20 parallel 'movies' from the retina

The retina doesn't send one picture to the brain, but rather 20 different parallel 'movies,' each highlighting different features like motion, color, or edges.

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