Overcoming addictive behaviors, elevating wellbeing, thriving in an era of excess, and the scarcity loop | Michael Easter, M.A.

Peter Attia

Jan 8, 2024

Episode description

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Bestselling author Michael Easter returns to The Drive to discuss his new book, Scarcity Brain. In this episode, Michael explores the evolutionary backdrop that molded human beings, a setting characterized by scarce food, limited information, and few possessions. He contrasts that with the modern era, marked by abundance and comfort, and the ensuing repercussions on our physical and mental well-being. Michael introduces the concept of the “scarcity loop,” a three-part behavior cycle which helps explain modern challenges such as overeating, addiction, gambling, and materialism, and offers practical strategies to break free from its cycle. The episode culminates in a thought-provoking exploration of happiness, drawing on Michael's experiences with monks and underscoring the value of boredom, exploration, and discomfort as transformative elements that elevate awareness, presence, and the will to live.

We discuss:

  • Inspiration for Michael’s latest book, Scarcity Brain [2:15];

  • Evolutionary adaptations to the scarcity of food contrasted with the modern obesity crisis [4:00];

  • Lessons learned about diet and nutrition from living with hunter-gatherers [9:30];

  • The impact of ultra-processed foods on energy balance [20:30];

  • Michael’s experience with attempting the hunter-gatherer diet at home [27:30];

  • The roots of excess: factors that contribute to overeating and the varied vulnerabilities among individuals [34:00];

  • The scarcity loop: how components of the scarcity loop are illustrated in gambling and addiction [39:45];

  • Using knowledge of the scarcity loop to break the cycle [50:45];

  • The evolutionary drive to acquire material possessions [58:15];

  • The benefits of boredom and value of exploration [1:

Episode description

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode

Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content

Sign Up to Receive Peter’s Weekly Newsletter

Bestselling author Michael Easter returns to The Drive to discuss his new book, Scarcity Brain. In this episode, Michael explores the evolutionary backdrop that molded human beings, a setting characterized by scarce food, limited information, and few possessions. He contrasts that with the modern era, marked by abundance and comfort, and the ensuing repercussions on our physical and mental well-being. Michael introduces the concept of the “scarcity loop,” a three-part behavior cycle which helps explain modern challenges such as overeating, addiction, gambling, and materialism, and offers practical strategies to break free from its cycle. The episode culminates in a thought-provoking exploration of happiness, drawing on Michael's experiences with monks and underscoring the value of boredom, exploration, and discomfort as transformative elements that elevate awareness, presence, and the will to live.

We discuss:

  • Inspiration for Michael’s latest book, Scarcity Brain [2:15];

  • Evolutionary adaptations to the scarcity of food contrasted with the modern obesity crisis [4:00];

  • Lessons learned about diet and nutrition from living with hunter-gatherers [9:30];

  • The impact of ultra-processed foods on energy balance [20:30];

  • Michael’s experience with attempting the hunter-gatherer diet at home [27:30];

  • The roots of excess: factors that contribute to overeating and the varied vulnerabilities among individuals [34:00];

  • The scarcity loop: how components of the scarcity loop are illustrated in gambling and addiction [39:45];

  • Using knowledge of the scarcity loop to break the cycle [50:45];

  • The evolutionary drive to acquire material possessions [58:15];

  • The benefits of boredom and value of exploration [1:

Mindsip insights from this episode:

Practice deprivation to cultivate gratitude

The most effective way to feel grateful for something is to be deprived of it for a while, a practice that allows Benedictine monks to find immense joy in simple feasts.

Prioritize truth over seductive information for better understanding

Just as sacrificing nutrition makes food more delicious, sacrificing truth and nuance makes information more seductive and easier to consume.

Invest in gear to achieve meaningful goals, not just stuff

Frame purchases as 'gear,' an item that helps you accomplish a meaningful goal, rather than 'stuff,' which is often an impulse buy to fulfill a temporary desire.

Change environment to overcome addiction

When Vietnam veterans addicted to heroin returned to the U.S., 95% of them stayed clean, suggesting that a change in environment can override chemical dependency.

Break the scarcity loop to overcome addiction

Addictive behaviors are driven by a three-part system: an opportunity for a reward, unpredictable rewards, and the ability for quick repetition.

Ensure snacks have value, variety, and velocity for success

To make a snack food sell, the food industry ensures it has value (affordability), variety (intense flavors), and velocity (it's fast to eat).

Follow one-ingredient diet to prevent heart disease

A Bolivian tribe free of heart disease follows a diet where every food has only one ingredient, thus avoiding all ultra-processed foods.

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