The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis | Dr. Diego Bohórquez

Andrew Huberman

May 27, 2024

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Diego Bohórquez, PhD, professor of medicine and neurobiology at Duke University and a pioneering researcher into how we use our ‘gut sense.’ He describes how your gut communicates to your brain and the rest of your body through hormones and neural connections to shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. He explains how your gut senses a range of features such as temperature, pH, the macro- and micronutrients in our foods, and much more and signals that information to the brain to affect our food preferences, aversions, and cravings.

Dr. Bohórquez describes his early life in the Amazon jungle and how exposure to traditional agriculture inspired his unique expertise combining nutrition, gastrointestinal physiology, and neuroscience. We discuss how the gut and brain integrate sensory cues, leading to our intuitive “gut sense” about food, people, and situations. This episode provides a scientific perspective into your gut sense to help you make better food choices and, indeed, to support better decision-making in all of life.

Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources: https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/dr-diego-bohorquez-the-science-of-your-gut-sense-the-gut-brain-axis

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman

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Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. Diego Bohórquez
Academic profile: https://medicine.duke.edu/profile/diego-v-bohorquez
Lab website: https://gutbrains.com
The Gastronauts Podcast: https://thinkgastronauts.com/podcast
Publications: https://gutbrains.com/articles
X: https://x.com/gutbrains
YouTube: https://youtube.com/@thebohorquezlabatdukeunive9762
TED Talk: https://youtu.be/utFG8GEvmfg
Nature Neuroscience profile: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01373-w

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. Diego Bohórquez
00:02:37 Sponsors: Joovv, LMNT & Helix Sleep; YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe
00:06:49 Gut-Brain Axis
00:11:35 Gut Sensing, Hormones
00:15:26 Green Fluorescent Protein; Neuropod Cells & Environment Sensing
00:26:57 Brain & Gut Connection, Experimental Tools & Rabies Virus
00:35:28 Sponsor: AG1
00:37:00 Neuropod Cells & Nutrient Sensing
00:43:55 Gastric Bypass Surgery, Cravings & Food Choice
00:51:14 Optogenetics; Sugar Preference & Neuropod Cells
01:00:29 Gut-Brain Disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
01:03:03 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:04:04 Gut & Behavior; Gastric Bypass, Cravings & Alcohol
01:07:38 GLP-1, Ozempic, Neuropod Cells
01:11:46 Food Preference & Gut-Brain Axis, Protein
01:21:35 Protein & Sugar, Agriculture & ‘Three Sisters’
01:25:16 Childhood, Military School; Academics, Nutrition & Nervous System
01:36:15 Plant Wisdom, Agriculture, Indigenous People
01:41:48 Evolution of Food Choices; Learning from Plants
01:48:15 Plant-Based Medicines; Amazonia, Guayusa Ritual & Chonta Palm
01:56:58 Yerba Mate, Chocolate, Guayusa
02:00:22 Brain, Gut & Sensory Integration; Variability
02:06:01 Electrical Patterns in Gut & Brain, “Hangry”
02:12:43 Gut Intuition, Food & Bonding; Subconscious & Superstition
02:22:00 Vagus Nerve & Learning, Humming
02:26:46 Digestive System & Memory; Body Sensing
02:32:51 Listening to the Body, Meditation
02:40:12 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #GutHealth #Science

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Diego Bohórquez, PhD, professor of medicine and neurobiology at Duke University and a pioneering researcher into how we use our ‘gut sense.’ He describes how your gut communicates to your brain and the rest of your body through hormones and neural connections to shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. He explains how your gut senses a range of features such as temperature, pH, the macro- and micronutrients in our foods, and much more and signals that information to the brain to affect our food preferences, aversions, and cravings.

Dr. Bohórquez describes his early life in the Amazon jungle and how exposure to traditional agriculture inspired his unique expertise combining nutrition, gastrointestinal physiology, and neuroscience. We discuss how the gut and brain integrate sensory cues, leading to our intuitive “gut sense” about food, people, and situations. This episode provides a scientific perspective into your gut sense to help you make better food choices and, indeed, to support better decision-making in all of life.

Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources: https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/dr-diego-bohorquez-the-science-of-your-gut-sense-the-gut-brain-axis

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman

Huberman Lab Social & Website
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman
Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com
Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. Diego Bohórquez
Academic profile: https://medicine.duke.edu/profile/diego-v-bohorquez
Lab website: https://gutbrains.com
The Gastronauts Podcast: https://thinkgastronauts.com/podcast
Publications: https://gutbrains.com/articles
X: https://x.com/gutbrains
YouTube: https://youtube.com/@thebohorquezlabatdukeunive9762
TED Talk: https://youtu.be/utFG8GEvmfg
Nature Neuroscience profile: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01373-w

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. Diego Bohórquez
00:02:37 Sponsors: Joovv, LMNT & Helix Sleep; YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe
00:06:49 Gut-Brain Axis
00:11:35 Gut Sensing, Hormones
00:15:26 Green Fluorescent Protein; Neuropod Cells & Environment Sensing
00:26:57 Brain & Gut Connection, Experimental Tools & Rabies Virus
00:35:28 Sponsor: AG1
00:37:00 Neuropod Cells & Nutrient Sensing
00:43:55 Gastric Bypass Surgery, Cravings & Food Choice
00:51:14 Optogenetics; Sugar Preference & Neuropod Cells
01:00:29 Gut-Brain Disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
01:03:03 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:04:04 Gut & Behavior; Gastric Bypass, Cravings & Alcohol
01:07:38 GLP-1, Ozempic, Neuropod Cells
01:11:46 Food Preference & Gut-Brain Axis, Protein
01:21:35 Protein & Sugar, Agriculture & ‘Three Sisters’
01:25:16 Childhood, Military School; Academics, Nutrition & Nervous System
01:36:15 Plant Wisdom, Agriculture, Indigenous People
01:41:48 Evolution of Food Choices; Learning from Plants
01:48:15 Plant-Based Medicines; Amazonia, Guayusa Ritual & Chonta Palm
01:56:58 Yerba Mate, Chocolate, Guayusa
02:00:22 Brain, Gut & Sensory Integration; Variability
02:06:01 Electrical Patterns in Gut & Brain, “Hangry”
02:12:43 Gut Intuition, Food & Bonding; Subconscious & Superstition
02:22:00 Vagus Nerve & Learning, Humming
02:26:46 Digestive System & Memory; Body Sensing
02:32:51 Listening to the Body, Meditation
02:40:12 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #GutHealth #Science

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Mindsip insights from this episode:

Recognize gut as primary sensory interface for body

The gut is the only internal organ continuously exposed to the outside world, acting as a primary sensory interface for the body.

Utilize neuropods for rapid sugar signaling to the brain

Specialized gut cells called neuropods use the neurotransmitter glutamate to signal the presence of sugar to the brain within milliseconds, much faster than traditional hormone signaling.

Rewire cravings through gastric bypass surgery

A woman who was repulsed by egg yolks began craving them after gastric bypass surgery, demonstrating how altering the gut can completely invert food preferences.

Activate gut cells to influence taste preferences

By activating specific gut cells with light, scientists made mice crave non-caloric sweeteners as if they were real sugar, proving the gut can drive preference independent of taste.

Recognize increased alcoholism risk after gastric bypass surgery

Patients who undergo gastric bypass surgery have a two to seven-fold increased likelihood of developing alcoholism, likely due to the gut's rewired sensitivity and reward pathways.

Recognize gut signals to avoid low-protein meals

If a meal is low in protein, an animal will eat more to compensate, but if protein is completely absent, the animal will learn to avoid that food entirely.

Utilize fiber to synthesize essential amino acids without meat

In the absence of dietary protein, a diet rich in highly digestible fiber can trigger gut microorganisms to synthesize the essential amino acids your body needs.

Incorporate Guayusa tea and Chonta palm dates for energy and appetite control

A native Amazonian ritual involves drinking Guayusa tea at 4 a.m. for energy and appetite suppression, followed by a meal of Chonta palm dates, which are rich in lipids and fiber.

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