The Biology of Social Interactions & Emotions | Dr. Kay Tye

Andrew Huberman

Feb 5, 2024

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Kay Tye, PhD, Professor of Systems Neurobiology at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator. We discuss the neural circuit basis of social interactions and loneliness. We also discuss how animals and people establish themselves in a group hierarchy by rank and how the brain responds to dominance and subordination.

Much of our discussion relates to how social media impacts our sense of social connectedness or lack thereof. The topics covered in this episode are directly relevant to anyone interested in the neuroscience of mental health, work-life balance, abundance versus scarcity mindset, and interpersonal dynamics.

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman
Levels: https://levels.link/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman

Huberman Lab Social & Website
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Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman
Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com
Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. Kay Tye
Academic profile: https://www.salk.edu/scientist/kay-tye
Lab website: https://tyelab.org
HHMI profile: https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/kay-tye
Publications: https://tyelab.org/publications
TED talk: https://www.ted.com/speakers/kay_tye
X: https://twitter.com/kaymtye

Journal Articles
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area: https://go.nature.com/3ubT3nT
Extraneous factors in judicial decisions: https://bit.ly/3SLZiqL
Total social isolation in monkeys: https://bit.ly/4bmL1Jo
Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation: https://bit.ly/4bAKtjk
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis: https://bit.ly/3OvNGXp
The neural circuitry of social homeostasis: Consequences of acute versus chronic social isolation: https://bit.ly/48WjRYa
Cortical ensembles orchestrate social competition through hypothalamic outputs: https://go.nature.com/4bmL73I

Other Resources
The Eisenhower Matrix: How to prioritize your to-do list: https://asana.com/resources/eisenhower-matrix
Chimp Empire (Netflix series): https://www.netflix.com/title/81311783
Advice for a Young Investigator: https://amzn.to/3HO6tJU
NIH Human Connectome Project (HCP): https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/human-connectome/connectome-programs

People Mentioned
S.M.: patient with bilateral amygdala damage: https://w.wiki/5N3g
Harry Harlow: Psychologist, known for his social isolation experiments in monkeys: https://w.wiki/9562
Markus Meister: Professor of Biological Science at Caltech: https://bit.ly/3Osn3Ta
Ben Barres: Neuroscientist at Stanford: https://stan.md/3HMBxtl

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. Kay Tye
00:02:39 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, Levels & LMNT
00:06:40 Amygdala; “Valence”
00:12:43 Novelty; Reward & Punishment Response
00:20:06 Amygdala & Hunger; Social Interaction
00:26:21 Social Media & Social Connection; Tool: Email & Time Management
00:35:03 Sponsor: AG1
00:36:30 Social Media; Friction & Feedback, Leadership
00:43:44 Social Isolation, Harlow Experiments, “Loneliness Neurons”
00:51:47 Social Homeostasis, COVID-19 Pandemic & Loneliness
01:01:29 Quality of Social Contact, Social Homeostasis, Social Media
01:08:40 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:09:42 Social Media, Relationships; Social Isolation & Exclusion
01:18:26 Empathy: Friend vs. Foe
01:28:40 Background & Empathy, Diversity, Emotional Regulation
01:34:34 Abundance vs. Scarcity Mindset
01:37:22 Social Rank & Hierarchy, Sibling Order, Development
01:45:54 Dynamic Hierarchy; Dominants vs. Subordinates; Mentors
01:55:32 Psychedelics: Research & Mechanisms; Psilocybin
02:06:28 Work-Life Balance, Fitness & Extracurriculars
02:11:56 Personal Life, Diversity, Happiness; Typical Day
02:15:42 Science & Academia; Future Directions
02:23:48 Research & Science Outreach
02:28:48 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #Science #Emotions

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Episode description

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Kay Tye, PhD, Professor of Systems Neurobiology at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator. We discuss the neural circuit basis of social interactions and loneliness. We also discuss how animals and people establish themselves in a group hierarchy by rank and how the brain responds to dominance and subordination.

Much of our discussion relates to how social media impacts our sense of social connectedness or lack thereof. The topics covered in this episode are directly relevant to anyone interested in the neuroscience of mental health, work-life balance, abundance versus scarcity mindset, and interpersonal dynamics.

Thank you to our sponsors
AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman
Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman
Levels: https://levels.link/huberman
LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman
InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman
Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman

Huberman Lab Social & Website
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@hubermanlab
Twitter: https://twitter.com/hubermanlab
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hubermanlab
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@hubermanlab
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-huberman
Website: https://www.hubermanlab.com
Newsletter: https://www.hubermanlab.com/newsletter

Dr. Kay Tye
Academic profile: https://www.salk.edu/scientist/kay-tye
Lab website: https://tyelab.org
HHMI profile: https://www.hhmi.org/scientists/kay-tye
Publications: https://tyelab.org/publications
TED talk: https://www.ted.com/speakers/kay_tye
X: https://twitter.com/kaymtye

Journal Articles
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area: https://go.nature.com/3ubT3nT
Extraneous factors in judicial decisions: https://bit.ly/3SLZiqL
Total social isolation in monkeys: https://bit.ly/4bmL1Jo
Dorsal Raphe Dopamine Neurons Represent the Experience of Social Isolation: https://bit.ly/4bAKtjk
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis: https://bit.ly/3OvNGXp
The neural circuitry of social homeostasis: Consequences of acute versus chronic social isolation: https://bit.ly/48WjRYa
Cortical ensembles orchestrate social competition through hypothalamic outputs: https://go.nature.com/4bmL73I

Other Resources
The Eisenhower Matrix: How to prioritize your to-do list: https://asana.com/resources/eisenhower-matrix
Chimp Empire (Netflix series): https://www.netflix.com/title/81311783
Advice for a Young Investigator: https://amzn.to/3HO6tJU
NIH Human Connectome Project (HCP): https://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/human-connectome/connectome-programs

People Mentioned
S.M.: patient with bilateral amygdala damage: https://w.wiki/5N3g
Harry Harlow: Psychologist, known for his social isolation experiments in monkeys: https://w.wiki/9562
Markus Meister: Professor of Biological Science at Caltech: https://bit.ly/3Osn3Ta
Ben Barres: Neuroscientist at Stanford: https://stan.md/3HMBxtl

Timestamps
00:00:00 Dr. Kay Tye
00:02:39 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, Levels & LMNT
00:06:40 Amygdala; “Valence”
00:12:43 Novelty; Reward & Punishment Response
00:20:06 Amygdala & Hunger; Social Interaction
00:26:21 Social Media & Social Connection; Tool: Email & Time Management
00:35:03 Sponsor: AG1
00:36:30 Social Media; Friction & Feedback, Leadership
00:43:44 Social Isolation, Harlow Experiments, “Loneliness Neurons”
00:51:47 Social Homeostasis, COVID-19 Pandemic & Loneliness
01:01:29 Quality of Social Contact, Social Homeostasis, Social Media
01:08:40 Sponsor: InsideTracker
01:09:42 Social Media, Relationships; Social Isolation & Exclusion
01:18:26 Empathy: Friend vs. Foe
01:28:40 Background & Empathy, Diversity, Emotional Regulation
01:34:34 Abundance vs. Scarcity Mindset
01:37:22 Social Rank & Hierarchy, Sibling Order, Development
01:45:54 Dynamic Hierarchy; Dominants vs. Subordinates; Mentors
01:55:32 Psychedelics: Research & Mechanisms; Psilocybin
02:06:28 Work-Life Balance, Fitness & Extracurriculars
02:11:56 Personal Life, Diversity, Happiness; Typical Day
02:15:42 Science & Academia; Future Directions
02:23:48 Research & Science Outreach
02:28:48 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter

#HubermanLab #Science #Emotions

Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac - https://www.blabacphoto.com

Disclaimer: https://www.hubermanlab.com/disclaimer

Mindsip insights from this episode:

Limit email and social media to one hour weekly for creativity

To preserve creativity and mental clarity, Dr. Kay Tai limits her email and social media consumption to less than one hour per week, allowing her to avoid cognitive clutter and have creative epiphanies.

Adjust social interactions to maintain balance in social appetite

The concept of "social homeostasis" suggests your need for social interaction is dynamic, where a period of isolation can lower your set point, making you feel overstimulated by what was previously a normal amount of contact.

Recognize social media's role in increasing loneliness

Because social media often shows you activities from which you are excluded, it may fail to satisfy the need for social connection and instead create a feeling of withdrawal or deficit.

Decode brain activity to predict competitive outcomes

Researchers can predict which animal will win a competitive interaction by decoding prefrontal cortex activity seconds before the trial even begins, suggesting the outcome is not determined solely during the event.

Explore psychedelics to bridge self and other for unity

A scientific hypothesis for the effects of psychedelics is that they reduce the quantifiable distance between the brain's neural representations of "self" and "other," which could explain feelings of unity.

Recognize amygdala's role in signaling reward and fear

The amygdala is not just a fear center but a fork in the road for emotional processing, with distinct neurons that signal both positive (reward) and negative (punishment) outcomes.

Shift priorities: food reward overrides fear in starvation

In a state of near-starvation, the brain can shift its priorities so that the drive for food reward becomes stronger and can silence the fear pathway, inverting the typical survival hierarchy.

Address chronic isolation to prevent antisocial behavior

While acute social isolation leads to a rebound of pro-social behavior, chronic isolation in humans, monkeys, and mice can lead to aggression and avoidance upon reintroduction to a group.

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