The liver produces ketones as a protective 'release valve' to manage fat accumulation, meaning high ketones can be a response to, not a cause of, poor liver health.

The concern about non-nutritive sweeteners and cognitive health stems not just from one negative study, but from a surprising lack of randomized trials proving their long-term safety for the brain.

A meta-analysis concluded non-industry-funded collagen studies showed no effect, but this was due to a lack of statistical power, as 6 out of the 7 individual studies actually showed a benefit.

The argument for collagen peptides is that they act as signaling molecules that bind to cell surface receptors, convincing the cell to produce more mature collagen fibers.

Large-scale data shows the typical population's omega-6 to omega-3 consumption ratio, while not ideal, is still within a range not associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

A study claiming creatine is ineffective for muscle growth was flawed because it equalized workout volume, removing the main mechanism by which creatine enhances performance and subsequent growth.

The short-chain fat butyrate can kill colon cancer cells by accumulating inside them and altering their gene expression to shut down growth and promote cell death.