The host uses a product called Timeline, which contains Urolithin A, to support mitochondrial health as a central part of his longevity strategy to live to at least 180.

Lab studies show that ketones not only make muscle mitochondria more efficient but also make muscle cells more robust and resistant to injury.

Morning is one of the worst times to measure fasting insulin due to natural hormonal volatility; a more accurate reading would be in the late morning or early afternoon.

Linoleic acid from seed oils may not directly cause insulin resistance, but it promotes fat cells to grow via hypertrophy, which creates an inflammatory and insulin-resistant state.

Long-term keto dieters may show poor results on a glucose tolerance test not due to insulin resistance, but because their body stops storing pre-made insulin, causing a temporary 'acute glucose intolerance'.

When in ketosis, the body wastes energy by breathing out and urinating out ketones, which can collectively amount to expelling up to 500-600 calories per day.

A surprisingly accurate way to assess insulin resistance is the triglyceride-to-HDL ratio; a result above 1.5 is a red flag for most people.

There is a distinction between a 'caloric fast' (no calories) and a 'metabolic fast' (consuming only fat), where the latter keeps insulin low, maintaining benefits like autophagy while being painless.

Using a small amount of insulin in a nasal spray can act as a potent cognitive enhancer by directly opening glucose channels in the brain without causing a systemic insulin spike.